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## Creating your first test

By appending the `--test` flag to the `make:livewire` command, you can generate a test file along with a component:

```shell
php artisan make:livewire create-post --test
```

In addition to generating the component files themselves, the above command will generate the following test file `tests/Feature/Livewire/CreatePostTest.php`:

If you would like to create a [Pest PHP](https://pestphp.com/) test, you may provide the `--pest` option to the make:livewire command:

```php
<?php

namespace Tests\Feature\Livewire;

use App\Livewire\CreatePost;
use Livewire\Livewire;
use Tests\TestCase;

class CreatePostTest extends TestCase
{
    /** @test */
    public function renders_successfully()
    {
        Livewire::test(CreatePost::class)
            ->assertStatus(200);
    }
}
```

Of course, you can always create these files by hand or even use Livewire's testing utilities inside any other existing PHPUnit test in your Laravel application.

Before reading further, you may wish to familiarize yourself with [Laravel's own built-in testing features](https://laravel.com/docs/testing).

## Testing a page contains a component

The simplest Livewire test you can write is asserting that a given endpoint in your application includes and successfully renders a given Livewire component.

Livewire provides an `assertSeeLivewire()` method that can be used from any Laravel test:

```php
<?php

namespace Tests\Feature\Livewire;

use App\Livewire\CreatePost;
use Tests\TestCase;

class CreatePostTest extends TestCase
{
    /** @test */
    public function component_exists_on_the_page()
    {
        $this->get('/posts/create')
            ->assertSeeLivewire(CreatePost::class);
    }
}
```

> [!tip] These are called smoke tests
> Smoke tests are broad tests that ensure there are no catastrophic problems in your application. Although it may seem like a test that isn't worth writing, pound for pound, these are some of the most valuable tests you can write as they require very little maintenance and provide you a base level of confidence that your application will render successfully with no major errors.

## Testing views

Livewire provides a simple yet powerful utility for asserting the existence of text in the component's rendered output: `assertSee()`.

Below is an example of using `assertSee()` to ensure that all posts in the database are displayed on the page:

```php
<?php

namespace Tests\Feature\Livewire;

use App\Livewire\ShowPosts;
use Livewire\Livewire;
use App\Models\Post;
use Tests\TestCase;

class ShowPostsTest extends TestCase
{
    /** @test */
    public function displays_posts()
    {
        Post::factory()->make(['title' => 'On bathing well']);
        Post::factory()->make(['title' => 'There\'s no time like bathtime']);

Livewire::test(ShowPosts::class)
            ->assertSee('On bathing well')
            ->assertSee('There\'s no time like bathtime');
    }
}
```

### Asserting data from the view

In addition to asserting the output of a rendered view, sometimes it's helpful to test the data being passed into the view.

Here's the same test as above, but testing the view data rather than the rendered output:

```php
<?php

namespace Tests\Feature\Livewire;

use App\Livewire\ShowPosts;
use Livewire\Livewire;
use App\Models\Post;
use Tests\TestCase;

class ShowPostsTest extends TestCase
{
    /** @test */
    public function displays_all_posts()
    {
        Post::factory()->make(['title' => 'On bathing well']);
        Post::factory()->make(['title' => 'The bathtub is my sanctuary']);

Livewire::test(ShowPosts::class)
            ->assertViewHas('posts', function ($posts) {
                $this->assertEquals(2, count($posts));
            });
    }
}
```

As you can see, `assertViewHas()` provides control over what assertions you want to make against the specified data.

If you would rather make a simple assertion, such as ensuring a piece of view data matches a given value, you can pass the value directly as the second argument given to the `assertViewHas()` method.

For example, assuming you have a component with a variable named `$postCount` being passed into the view, you can make assertions against its literal value like so:

```php
$this->assertViewHas('postCount', 3)
```

## Setting the authenticated user

Most web applications require users to log in before using them. Rather than manually authenticating a fake user at the beginning of your tests, Livewire provides an `actingAs()` method.

Below is an example of a test where multiple users have posts, yet the authenticated user should only be able to see their own posts:

```php
<?php

namespace Tests\Feature\Livewire;

use App\Livewire\ShowPosts;
use Livewire\Livewire;
use App\Models\User;
use App\Models\Post;
use Tests\TestCase;

class ShowPostsTest extends TestCase
{
    /** @test */
    public function user_only_sees_their_own_posts()
    {
        $user = User::factory()
            ->has(Post::factory()->count(3))
            ->create();

$stranger = User::factory()
            ->has(Post::factory()->count(2))
            ->create();

Livewire::actingAs($user)
            ->test(ShowPosts::class)
            ->assertViewHas('posts', function ($posts) {
                $this->assertEquals(3, count($posts));
            });
    }
}
```

## Testing properties

Livewire also provides helpful testing utilities for setting and asserting properties within your components.

Component properties are typically updated in your application when users interact with form inputs containing `wire:model`. But, because tests don't typically type into an actual browser, Livewire allows you to set properties directly using the `set()` method.

Below is an example of using `set()` to update the `$title` property of a `CreatePost` component:

```php
<?php

namespace Tests\Feature\Livewire;

use App\Livewire\CreatePost;
use Livewire\Livewire;
use Tests\TestCase;

class CreatePostTest extends TestCase
{
    /** @test */
    public function can_set_title()
    {
        Livewire::test(CreatePost::class)
            ->set('title', 'Confessions of a serial soaker')
            ->assertSet('title', 'Confessions of a serial soaker');
    }
}
```

### Initializing properties

Often, Livewire components receive data being passed in from a parent component or route parameters. Because Livewire components are tested in isolation, you can manually pass data into them using the second parameter of the `Livewire::test()` method:

```php
<?php

namespace Tests\Feature\Livewire;

use App\Livewire\UpdatePost;
use Livewire\Livewire;
use App\Models\Post;
use Tests\TestCase;

class UpdatePostTest extends TestCase
{
    /** @test */
    public function title_field_is_populated()
    {
        $post = Post::factory()->make([
            'title' => 'Top ten bath bombs',
        ]);

Livewire::test(UpdatePost::class, ['post' => $post])
            ->assertSet('title', 'Top ten bath bombs');
    }
}
```

The underlying component being tested (`UpdatePost`) will receive `$post` through its `mount()` method. Let's look at the source for `UpdatePost` to paint a clearer picture of this feature:

```php
<?php

namespace App\Livewire;

use Livewire\Component;
use App\Models\Post;

class UpdatePost extends Component
{
	public Post $post;

public $title = '';

public function mount(Post $post)
	{
		$this->post = $post;

$this->title = $post->title;
	}

// ...
}
```

### Setting URL parameters

If your Livewire component depends on specific query parameters in the URL of the page it's loaded on, you can use the `withQueryParams()` method to set the query parameters manually for your test.

Below is a basic `SearchPosts` component that uses [Livewire's URL feature](/docs/url) to store and track the current search query in the query string:

```php
<?php

namespace App\Livewire;

use Livewire\Component;
use Livewire\With\Url;
use App\Models\Post;

class SearchPosts extends Component
{
    #[Url] // [tl! highlight]
    public $search = '';

public function render()
    {
        return view('livewire.search-posts', [
            'posts' => Post::search($this->search)->get(),
        ]);
    }
}
```

As you can see, the `$search` property above uses Livewire's `#[Url]` attribute to denote that its value should be stored in the URL.

Below is an example of how you would simulate the scenario of loading this component on a page with specific query parameters in the URL:

```php
<?php

namespace Tests\Feature\Livewire;

use App\Livewire\SearchPosts;
use Livewire\Livewire;
use App\Models\Post;
use Tests\TestCase;

class SearchPostsTest extends TestCase
{
    /** @test */
    public function can_search_posts_via_url_query_string()
    {
        Post::factory()->create(['title' => 'Testing the first water-proof hair dryer']);
        Post::factory()->create(['title' => 'Rubber duckies that actually float']);

Livewire::withQueryParams(['search' => 'hair'])
            ->test(SearchPosts::class)
            ->assertSee('Testing the first')
            ->assertDontSee('Rubber duckies');
    }
}
```

## Calling actions

Livewire actions are typically called from the frontend using something like `wire:click`.

Because Livewire component tests don't use an actual browser, you can instead trigger actions in your tests using the `call()` method.

Below is an example of a `CreatePost` component using the `call()` method to trigger the `save()` action:

```php
<?php

namespace Tests\Feature\Livewire;

use App\Livewire\CreatePost;
use Livewire\Livewire;
use App\Models\Post;
use Tests\TestCase;

class CreatePostTest extends TestCase
{
    /** @test */
    public function can_create_post()
    {
        $this->assertEquals(0, Post::count());

Livewire::test(CreatePost::class)
            ->set('title', 'Wrinkly fingers? Try this one weird trick')
            ->set('content', '...')
            ->call('save');

$this->assertEquals(1, Post::count());
    }
}
```

In the above test, we assert that calling `save()` creates a new post in the database.

You can also pass parameters to actions by passing additional parameters into the `call()` method:

```php
->call('deletePost', $postId);
```

### Validation

To test that a validation error has been thrown, you can use Livewire's `assertHasErrors()` method:

```php
<?php

namespace Tests\Feature\Livewire;

use App\Livewire\CreatePost;
use Livewire\Livewire;
use Tests\TestCase;

class CreatePostTest extends TestCase
{
    /** @test */
    public function title_field_is_required()
    {
        Livewire::test(CreatePost::class)
            ->set('title', '')
            ->call('save')
            ->assertHasErrors('title');
    }
}
```

If you want to test that a specific validation rule has failed, you can pass an array of rules:

```php
$this->assertHasErrors(['title', ['required']]);
```

### Authorization

Authorizing actions relying on untrusted input in your Livewire components is [essential](/docs/properties#authorizing-the-input). Livewire provides an `assertUnauthorized()` method to ensure that an authorization check has failed:

```php
<?php

namespace Tests\Feature\Livewire;

use App\Livewire\UpdatePost;
use Livewire\Livewire;
use App\Models\User;
use App\Models\Post;
use Tests\TestCase;

class UpdatePostTest extends TestCase
{
    /** @test */
    public function cant_update_another_users_post()
    {
        $user = User::factory()->create();
        $stranger = User::factory()->create();

$post = Post::factory()->for($stranger)->create();

Livewire::actingAs($user)
            ->test(UpdatePost::class, ['post' => $post])
            ->set('title', 'Living the lavender life')
            ->call('save')
            ->assertUnauthorized();
    }
}
```

If you prefer, you can also test for explicit status codes that an action in your component may have triggered using `assertStatus()`:

```php
->assertStatus(403);
```

### Redirects

You can test that a Livewire action performed a redirect using the `assertRedirect()` method:

```php
<?php

namespace Tests\Feature\Livewire;

use App\Livewire\CreatePost;
use Livewire\Livewire;
use Tests\TestCase;

class CreatePostTest extends TestCase
{
    /** @test */
    public function redirected_to_all_posts_after_creating_a_post()
    {
        Livewire::test(CreatePost::class)
            ->set('title', 'Using a loofah doesn\'t make you aloof...ugh')
            ->set('content', '...')
            ->call('save')
            ->assertRedirect('/posts');
    }
}
```

As an added convenience, you can assert that the user was redirected to a specific page component instead of a hard-coded URL.

```php
->assertRedirect(CreatePost::class);
```

### Events

To assert that an event was dispatched from within your component, you can use the `->assertDispatched()` method:

```php
<?php

namespace Tests\Feature\Livewire;

use App\Livewire\CreatePost;
use Livewire\Livewire;
use Tests\TestCase;

class CreatePostTest extends TestCase
{
    /** @test */
    public function creating_a_post_dispatches_event()
    {
        Livewire::test(CreatePost::class)
            ->set('title', 'Top 100 bubble bath brands')
            ->set('content', '...')
            ->call('save')
            ->assertDispatched('post-created');
    }
}
```

It is often helpful to test that two components can communicate with each other by dispatching and listening for events. Using the `dispatch()` method, let's simulate a `CreatePost` component dispatching a `create-post` event. Then, we will assert that a `PostCountBadge` component, which listens for that event, updates its post count appropriately:

```php
<?php

namespace Tests\Feature\Livewire;

use App\Livewire\PostCountBadge;
use App\Livewire\CreatePost;
use Livewire\Livewire;
use Tests\TestCase;

class PostCountBadgeTest extends TestCase
{
    /** @test */
    public function post_count_is_updated_when_event_is_dispatched()
    {
        $badge = Livewire::test(PostCountBadge::class)
            ->assertSee("0");

Livewire::test(CreatePost::class)
            ->set('title', 'Tear-free: the greatest lie ever told')
            ->set('content', '...')
            ->call('save')
            ->assertDispatched('post-created');

$badge->dispatch('post-created')
            ->assertSee("1");
    }
}
```

Sometimes it may come in handy to assert that an event was dispatched with one or more parameters. Let's have a look at a component called `ShowPosts` that dispatches an event called `banner-message` with a parameter called `message`:

```php
<?php

namespace Tests\Feature\Livewire;

use App\Livewire\ShowPosts;
use Livewire\Livewire;
use Tests\TestCase;

class ShowPostsTest extends TestCase
{
    /** @test */
    public function notification_is_dispatched_when_deleting_a_post()
    {
        Livewire::test(ShowPosts::class)
            ->call('delete', postId: 3)
            ->assertDispatched('notify',
                message: 'The post was deleted',
            );
    }
}
```

If your component dispatches an event of which the parameter values must be asserted conditionally, you can pass in a closure as the second argument to the `assertDispatched` method like below. It receives the event name as the first argument, and an array containing the parameters as the second argument. Make sure the closure returns a boolean.

```php
<?php

namespace Tests\Feature\Livewire;

use App\Livewire\ShowPosts;
use Livewire\Livewire;
use Tests\TestCase;

class ShowPostsTest extends TestCase
{
    /** @test */
    public function notification_is_dispatched_when_deleting_a_post()
    {
        Livewire::test(ShowPosts::class)
            ->call('delete', postId: 3)
            ->assertDispatched('notify', function($eventName, $params) {
                return ($params['message'] ?? '') === 'The post was deleted';
            })
    }
}
```

## All available testing utilities

Livewire provides many more testing utilities. Below is a comprehensive list of every testing method available to you, with a short description of how it's intended to be used:

### Setup methods
| Method                                                  | Description                                                                                                      |
|---------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `Livewire::test(CreatePost::class)`                      | Test the `CreatePost` component |
| `Livewire::test(UpdatePost::class, ['post' => $post])`                      | Test the `UpdatePost` component with the `post` parameter (To be received through the `mount()` method) |
| `Livewire::actingAs($user)`                      | Set the provided user as the session's authenticated user |
| `Livewire::withQueryParams(['search' => '...'])`                      | Set the test's `search` URL query parameter to the provided value (ex. `?search=...`). Typically in the context of a property using Livewire's [`#[Url]` attribute](/docs/url) |

### Interacting with components
| Method                                                  | Description                                                                                                      |
|---------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `set('title', '...')`                      | Set the `title` property to the provided value |
| `set(['title' => '...', ...])`                      | Set multiple component properties using an associative array |
| `toggle('sortAsc')`                      | Toggle the `sortAsc` property between `true` and `false`  |
| `call('save')`                      | Call the `save` action / method |
| `call('remove', $post->id)`                      | Call the `remove` method and pass the `$post->id` as the first parameter (Accepts subsequent parameters as well) |
| `refresh()`                      | Trigger a component re-render |
| `dispatch('post-created')`                      | Dispatch the `post-created` event from the component  |
| `dispatch('post-created', postId: $post->id)`                      | Dispatch the `post-created` event with `$post->id` as an additional parameter (`$event.detail` from Alpine) |

### Assertions
| Method                                                | Description                                                                                                                                                                          |
|-------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `assertSet('title', '...')`                           | Assert that the `title` property is set to the provided value                                                                                                                        |
| `assertNotSet('title', '...')`                        | Assert that the `title` property is not set to the provided value                                                                                                                    |
| `assertReturned('...')`                               | Assert that the previous `->call(...)` returned a given value
| `assertCount('posts', 3)`                             | Assert that the `posts` property is an array-like value with `3` items in it                                                                                                         |
| `assertSnapshotSet('date', '08/26/1990')`             | Assert that the `date` property's raw / dehydrated value (from JSON) is set to `08/26/1990`. Alternative to asserting against the hydrated `DateTime` instance in the case of `date` |
| `assertSnapshotNotSet('date', '08/26/1990')`          | Assert that `date`'s raw / dehydrated value is not equal to the provided value                                                                                                       |
| `assertSee($post->title)`                             | Assert that the rendered HTML of the component contains the provided value                                                                                                           |
| `assertDontSee($post->title)`                         | Assert that the rendered HTML does not contain the provided value                                                                                                                    |
| `assertSeeHtml('<div>...</div>')`                     | Assert the provided string literal is contained in the rendered HTML without escaping the HTML characters (unlike `assertSee`, which does escape the provided characters by default) |
| `assertDontSeeHtml('<div>...</div>')`                 | Assert the provided string is contained in the rendered HTML                                                                                                                         |
| `assertSeeInOrder(['...', '...'])`                    | Assert that the provided strings appear in order in the rendered HTML output of the component                                                                                        |
| `assertSeeHtmlInOrder([$firstString, $secondString])` | Assert that the provided HTML strings appear in order in the rendered output of the component                                                                                        |
| `assertDispatched('post-created')`                    | Assert that the given event has been dispatched by the component                                                                                                                     |
| `assertNotDispatched('post-created')`                 | Assert that the given event has not been dispatched by the component                                                                                                                 |
| `assertHasErrors('title')`                            | Assert that validation has failed for the `title` property                                                                                                                           |
| `assertHasErrors(['title' => ['required', 'min:6']])`   | Assert that the provided validation rules failed for the `title` property                                                                                                            |
| `assertHasNoErrors('title')`                          | Assert that there are no validation errors for the `title` property                                                                                                                  |
| `assertHasNoErrors(['title', ['required', 'min:6']])` | Assert that the provided validation rules haven't failed for the `title` property                                                                                                    |
| `assertRedirect()`                                    | Assert that a redirect has been triggered from within the component                                                                                                                  |
| `assertRedirect('/posts')`                            | Assert the component triggered a redirect to the `/posts` endpoint                                                                                                                   |
| `assertRedirect(ShowPosts::class)`                    | Assert that the component triggered a redirect to the `ShowPosts` component                                                                                                          |
| `assertNoRedirect()`                                  | Assert that no redirect has been triggered                                                                                                                                           |
| `assertViewHas('posts')`                              | Assert that the `render()` method has passed a `posts` item to the view data                                                                                                         |
| `assertViewHas('postCount', 3)`                       | Assert that a `postCount` variable has been passed to the view with a value of `3`                                                                                                   |
| `assertViewHas('posts', function ($posts) { ... })`   | Assert that `postCount` view data exists and that it passes any assertions declared in the provided callback                                                                         |
| `assertViewIs('livewire.show-posts')`                 | Assert that the component's render method returned the provided view name                                                                                                            |
| `assertFileDownloaded()`                              | Assert that a file download has been triggered                                                                                                                                       |
| `assertFileDownloaded($filename)`                     | Assert that a file download matching the provided file name has been triggered                                                                                                       |
| `assertUnauthorized()`                                | Assert that an authorization exception has been thrown within the component (status code: 401)                                                                                       |
| `assertForbidden()`                                   | Assert that an error response was triggered with the status code: 403                                                                                                                |
| `assertStatus(500)`                                   | Assert that the latest response matches the provided status code                                                                                                                     |

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